MCC Economics delivers independent, evidence-based analysis across economics, finance, and regulation. With experience spanning energy, water, infrastructure, and public policy, the firm supports transparent and effective decision-making. Clients across the UK, Europe, and the Middle East benefit from rigorous analysis, financial modelling, and clear policy insight.
MCC Economics publishes independent analysis and commentary on issues at the intersection of economics, finance, and regulation. Our publications draw on experience from projects across energy, water, infrastructure, and public policy - providing evidence-based insights that support transparent, accountable, and effective decision-making.

Explore how the UK Infrastructure Bank is shaping the UK’s green and economic transformation. This article reviews UKIB’s mandate, funding capacity, early investments, and risks, and assesses its potential to drive long-term, sustainable infrastructure growth.
This article provides an overview and early assessment of the UK Infrastructure Bank (UKIB) following its establishment in 2021. It explores the Bank’s strategic objectives, funding capacity, sectoral priorities, and early deal activity across clean energy, digital infrastructure, transport, and water. The article also considers the pricing and risk characteristics of UKIB finance, its role in crowding-in private investment, and the challenges it faces in balancing public policy objectives with commercial discipline. Together, these insights offer a timely perspective on whether UKIB can fulfil its ambition to support net-zero delivery and drive long-term economic growth in the UK.
This article examines the UK Infrastructure Bank’s emerging role in supporting infrastructure investment and the transition to net zero. It reviews the Bank’s mandate, funding capacity, early deal activity, and sectoral focus, and considers the risks it faces as it seeks to mobilise private capital and contribute to long-term economic growth in the UK.
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Abstract
The UK Infrastructure Bank (UKIB), is a relatively new addition to the ranks of eminent institutions established in the country to accelerate investment in the UK’s infrastructure. Set up in 2021, the Bank’s mandate is to support the transition to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.
Since its inception, the Bank has funded 18+ deals across various infrastructure sectors such as clean energy, digital, transport, waste, and water. The bank has a focus on green infrastructure projects and is consistently attracting private-sector investment both at home and from overseas investors to the country’s infrastructure projects.
UKIB has an investment-war-chest of £22 billion, as follows: £7 billion of debt; £5 billion of equity; and £10 billion for guarantees. UKIB’s money is available to private sector corporations, investment funds and local authorities.

Not only has UKIB a huge investment war-chest at its disposal for corporate and project finance: the money is cheap. UKIB’s accounts for the year ending March 2022, suggests an average interest rate close to 1% for the fortunate counterparties - although that may be misleadingly low as the reported values will reflect partial-year-loans. However, we noted the following cheap-money-infrastructure-deal examples by UKIB:

Until recently, the Bank has made ~£2 billion in total commitments since inception and few large deals have already been closed:

The Bank has already announced a total of 7 commitments in the clean energy sector, potentially investing over £800m in the sector. Fibre broadband infrastructure in the UK is also expected to benefit immensely from a total commitment of £775m by the Bank, across 6 deals in the digital sector.
UKIB faces several key investment risks such as regulatory risks, market risks, and credit risks. However, it is well-equipped to manage these risks and ensure compliance with international obligations on subsidy control and future domestic regimes.
The UK Infrastructure Bank presents an opportunity for the country to leverage its resources to mobilise investment. The Bank is already providing expertise and capacity to local governments and help them realize their infrastructure plans. The Bank is also expected to help build back better, fairer, and greener by supporting the transition to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.
In conclusion, the UK Investment Bank is a new institution with the potential to play a major role in the UK economy. The bank has made some early progress in making funding deals, but it remains to be seen how successful it will be in achieving its mandate. The future of the bank will depend on a number of factors, but it has the potential to be a major force for economic growth in the UK.
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Explore our latest paper which examines Abu Dhabi’s solar approach—centralised utility-scale vs. distributed rooftop generation. Finds rooftop PV still uneconomical for heavily subsidised user groups but cost-effective for industry and commerce, suggesting subsidy reforms to unlock distributed solar for 2050 climate goals.
Abu Dhabi faces a strategic choice in scaling up solar energy: centralised mega-projects or decentralsed rooftop systems. This paper by our Director PJ McCloskey and analyst Rodrigo Remor analyses why distributed solar uptake remains low in Abu Dhabi and evaluates its economic viability under current conditions. Abu Dhabi has so far favored large solar parks (e.g. the 1.17 GW Noor Abu Dhabi plant) while rooftop solar adoption is minimal (~2.94 MW on government buildings by 2020, <1% of Noor’s capacity). Given the UAE’s net-zero commitment and Energy Strategy 2050 targets (44% renewable electricity by 2050), the study explores whether decentralised solar could play a larger role and what policy shifts might be required.
This paper evaluates the economic viability of decentralised solar systems in Abu Dhabi. By analysing levelised cost of electricity (LCOE), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) across customer groups, it finds that while rooftop solar generation is not yet cost-effective for heavily subsidised sectors, it remains viable for industrial and commercial users. The study suggests that subsidy reform could significantly improve the financial appeal of decentralised systems, aligning with Abu Dhabi’s decarbonisation targets under the UAE Energy Strategy 2050.
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Abstract
Explore our latest paper which examines Abu Dhabi’s solar approach - centralised utility-scale vs. distributed rooftop generation. Finds rooftop PV still uneconomical for heavily subsidised user groups but cost-effective for industry and commerce, suggesting subsidy reforms to unlock distributed solar for 2050 climate goals.
MCC Economics works with governments, regulators, and organisations across the UK, Europe, and the Middle East.Our case studies highlight how rigorous analysis, financial modelling, and policy insight have supported clients in making transparent, defensible, and effective decisions. Each project reflects our commitment to clarity, independence, and analytical precision.

Explore our Crown Estate UK case study to see how MCC supported the Offshore Wind Leasing Round 4 process by developing a fully automated bidding tool.
Explore our Crown Estate UK case study to see how MCC supported the Offshore Wind Leasing Round 4 process by developing a fully automated bidding tool. Our tailored solution enabled real-time bidder selection, contingency planning, and seamless auction execution, ensuring a smooth and transparent process in support of the UK’s renewable energy transition.
The Crown Estate (TCE) required expert technical and analytical support for Stage 2 of the Invitation to Tender (ITT) as part of Offshore Wind Leasing Round 4. Given the complexity of multi-cycle bidding and the scale of investment in offshore wind projects, TCE needed an automated bidding tool, contingency planning mechanisms, and clear operational documentation and guidance.
MCC played a critical role in streamlining the Offshore Wind Leasing Round 4 ITT Stage 2 process by delivering:

Explore our twofour54 UAE case study to see how MCC supported the development of a financial feasibility model for the Yas Creative Hub Abu Dhabi’s purpose-built media city.
Explore our twofour54 UAE case study to see how MCC supported the development of a financial feasibility model for the Yas Creative Hub—Abu Dhabi’s purpose-built media city. Our work helped determine funding requirements, assess economic benefits, and forecast revenue growth, ensuring a financially sustainable foundation for the emirate’s creative industries.
Twofour54, a key player in Abu Dhabi’s media and entertainment sector, required expert financial modeling support for the establishment of the Yas Creative Hub, a state-of-the-art media city designed to foster the emirate’s creative industries. The client needed a financial feasibility model to project revenues and operating costs during both the development and post-development phases of the new media city, funding requirement analysis, and scenario-based demand analysis.
MCC played a pivotal role in developing a financial roadmap for the Yas Creative Hub by delivering:

Explore our Averda UAE case study to see how MCC supported the development of a corporate finance model to secure $30 million in funding from the International Finance Corporation (IFC).
Explore our Averda UAE case study to see how MCC supported the development of a corporate finance model to secure $30 million in funding from the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Our work enabled Averda to drive sustainable waste management initiatives across the Middle East and Africa, focusing on recycling, carbon footprint reduction, and environmental impact mitigation.
Averda, a leading waste management company, sought expert financial modeling support to secure funding for its expansion into sustainable waste management projects across the Middle East and Africa. Given the complexity of the funding process and the need for accurate financial projections, Averda required a tailored, data-driven approach to support its funding application.
MCC played a crucial role in enabling Averda to secure funding by delivering:

Explore our Heathrow Airport Limited case study to see how MCC led a strategic review of cost and revenue allocation practices, identifying key risks and recommending improved financial reporting arrangements.
Explore our Heathrow Airport Limited case study to see how MCC led a strategic review of cost and revenue allocation practices, identifying key risks and recommending improved financial reporting arrangements. Learn how our expertise helped refine cost policies to enhance transparency and protect consumer interests.
Heathrow Airport Limited required an in-depth evaluation of its cost and revenue allocation practices to assess potential consumer harm and ensure regulatory compliance. The client sought a structured analysis of consumer harm, risk assessment framework, data collection strategy as well as project oversight and management. Given the complexity of financial structures within a large-scale operation like Heathrow, the client needed expert guidance to navigate data challenges and strengthen cost transparency.
MCC, led by PJ McCloskey, delivered comprehensive project leadership and financial expertise, including:

Explore our Dubai Municipality case study to see how MCC provided a comprehensive economic impact assessment for the Dubai Strategic Sewerage Tunnel (DSST), a multi-billion-dirham mega-project designed to revolutionize the city’s wastewater infrastructure.
Explore our Dubai Municipality case study to see how MCC provided a comprehensive economic impact assessment for the Dubai Strategic Sewerage Tunnel (DSST), a multi-billion-dirham mega-project designed to revolutionize the city’s wastewater infrastructure. Our analysis identified key economic, environmental, and societal benefits, supporting informed decision-making for one of Dubai’s most ambitious urban development projects.
Dubai Municipality required an in-depth assessment of the economic, environmental, and social impacts of the Dubai Strategic Sewerage Tunnel (DSST). Given its estimated cost of AED 30 billion to AED 80 billion, the municipality needed a comprehensive evaluation of the tunnel’s direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts, an analysis of key economic drivers, insights into environmental benefits, such as reductions in power consumption, CO₂ emissions, and improvements in climate resilience.
MCC delivered a detailed economic impact study, helping Dubai Municipality understand the far-reaching benefits of the DSST project. Our contributions included:

Explore our Consumer Council Northern Ireland case study to see how MCC resolved conflicting data on electricity charges, delivering clarity and actionable insights to support consumer advocacy and informed decision-making.
Explore our Consumer Council Northern Ireland case study to discover how MCC resolved critical inconsistencies in electricity cost data from leading sources. Our in-depth analysis provided clarity on whether electricity charges in Northern Ireland were the highest or lowest in the UK, equipping the Consumer Council with reliable insights to strengthen their advocacy efforts and better serve the public interest.
In 2019, the Consumer Council for Northern Ireland (CCNI) sought MCC’s expertise to resolve inconsistencies in electricity cost data from three key sources including the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS), and The Utility Regulator (UR). The conflicting data raised a critical question that were electricity charges in Northern Ireland the highest in the UK, as suggested by ONS? Or were they the lowest, as indicated by BEIS and UR?
MCC conducted a rigorous analysis to address the client’s needs:
Our work empowered CCNI to confidently address conflicting narratives on electricity charges, ensuring transparency and fostering trust among stakeholders and the public.
Click here to see the report we submitted to the Consumer Council.